Japan & CO2

 
Comment follows:
 
"Abstract;The hydrogenation of CO and CO2 was carried out over palladium catalysts supported on various metal oxides. A significant support effect of Ga2O3 on the methanol synthesis activity from CO2 hydrogenation was observed. On the other hand, a Pd/ZrO2 catalyst showed high methanol synthesis activity from CO hydrogenation. Furthermore, the hydrogenation reaction over Pd/Ga2O3 and Pd/ZrO2 catalysts was investigated by in situ infrared spectroscopy in order to understand the active sites and the reaction mechanism. On the Pd/Ga2O3 catalyst, surface formate and methoxy species were observed during CO and CO2 hydrogenation. In contrast, the reaction pathway was clearly different between CO and CO2 hydrogenation over the Pd/ZrO2 catalyst. That is, surface formaldehyde and methoxy species were observed as intermediates during CO hydrogenation, while surface formate and methoxy species were detected during CO2 hydrogenation. It was thus found that the reaction mechanisms of methanol synthesis from CO and CO2 hydrogenation were strongly dependent on the types of supports over the Pd catalysts. (author abst.)"
 

We've informed you of Japan's research into CTL technologies, and of their war-time use of it to make liquid fuel at Ube in the early 1940's.
 
One of the processes for converting coal to liquid is referred to, somewhat generically, as hydrogenation. In this study, we see that a couple of coal combustion, or coal-to-liquid conversion, by-products can also be captured and hydrogenated, to make more liquid fuel.