Research & Development

State Governments Specify Use of Coal Ash

As we've documented, our United States Government, through the Federal Highways Administration, has recommended and specified the use of Coal Ash in various applications, including the making of cement and concrete, related to highway construction and road repair.
More can be learned via, for one example, our report of:

"Fly Ash Facts for Highway Engineers; Course No: T06-003; Continuing Education and Development, Inc.; Stony Point, NY 10980; (Reference): Report No. FHWA-IF-03-019; Title: Fly Ash Facts for Highway Engineers; 2003; American Coal Ash Association; Contract No. DTHF61-02-X-00044; Sponsoring Agency: Federal Highway Administration. Coal fly ash is a coal combustion product that has numerous applications in highway construction (including): Fly Ash in Portland Cement Concrete; in Stabilized Base Course; in Flowable Fill; in Structural Fills/Embankments (and) in Soil Improvements".

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US Navy Reclaims CO2 for Hydrocarbon Synthesis

As is now incontrovertible, our United States Navy, and other components of our United States defense establishment, have in hand multiple technologies which enable the productive recycling of Carbon Dioxide in the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbon fuels.
In testament of that fact, we refer you, for just two examples, to our reports of:
"US Patent 7,420,004 - Producing Synthetic Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels; 2008; Assignee: The USA, as represented by the Secretary of the Navy; Abstract: A process for producing synthetic hydrocarbons that reacts carbon dioxide, obtained from seawater or air, and hydrogen obtained from water, with a catalyst in a chemical process such as reverse water gas shift combined with Fischer Tropsch synthesis. The hydrogen is produced by nuclear reactor electricity, nuclear waste heat conversion, ocean thermal energy conversion, or any other source that is fossil fuel-free, such as wind or wave energy. The process can be either land based or sea based";
and:

USDOE Polishes Coal Liquids

To folks unfamiliar with the petroleum refining industry, or, even just generally, the chemical processing industry, our titling of this dispatch, "USDOE Polishes Coal Liquids", might be confusing.
However, one of the final steps undertaken at a petroleum refinery is the clarification of, and the removal of very fine solids from, the liquid products.

Coal Fly Ash Makes Wallboard Stronger

In a recent dispatch, now accessible on the West Virginia Coal Association's web site via the link:

"United States Patent 5,362,471 - Producing Gypsum Flake from Flue Gas Desulfurization; 1994; Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals, Incorporated, Allentown (PA); Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for producing gypsum calcium sulfate dihydrate flakes from powdered gypsum calcium sulfate dihydrate obtained from the desulfurization of flue gas by the wet limestone process. Gypsum, which is calcium sulfate, has wide application in the manufacture of construction products and particularly wallboard";

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General Electric and China Forge Coal Conversion Partnership

GE, Shenhua form coal tech venture|Business|chinadaily.com.cn


We've many times documented the amazing plans the people of China have formalized: plans to develop within their nation an extensive industry founded on the gasification and liquefaction of Coal, to supply with their own domestic resources their own needs for liquid and gasseous fuels and for organic chemical manufacturing raw materials.

Among our reports have been some indicating that Coal conversion is a very worthwhile proposition for them, as in:

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  1. More Consol 1953 Coal to CO2-Free Methane and Hydrogen
  2. Shell Oil Recycles CO2 in Coal to Methanol Process
  3. Penn State Recycles CO2 via "Syntrolysis"
  4. Coal Liquefaction is Profitable

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