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http://www.pnas.org/content/79/2/701.full.pdf
Carbon Dioxide, as it is co-produced in only a small way, relative to some all-natural, un-taxable and apolitical sources of it's emission, such as the Earth's inexorable processes of planetary volcanism, by our economically essential use of Coal in the generation of reliable and affordable electric power, can be seen and treated as a valuable raw material resource.
As we've documented many times in recent years, more lately for just one example in our report of:
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http://prod.sandia.gov/techlib/access-control.cgi/2012/120307.pdf
As we've documented many, many times now, Carbon Dioxide, as harvested from whatever convenient source, can be chemically recycled.
Carbon Dioxide can be used and consumed as the key and basic carbon-containing raw material in processes - - some of which can be powered by one form and another of freely-available, although low-grade and otherwise non-commercial, so-called "renewable" energy - - that result in the synthesis of hydrocarbon chemicals and fuels.
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Kern objects to coal plant's chemical manufacturing plans - The Bakersfield Californian
Tossing a load of baloney sandwiches in the way of this planned coal-to-urea plant. Tempted to wonder why something like this wouldn't be built in the coal fields. Seems like it would be more economical to transport the produced - and higher unit value - urea/fertilizer to ag markets, like California, than to ship the coal there.
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www.topsoe.com/sites/default/files/topsoe_jaramillo_semiconductors_catalysts.pdf
In our prior report of:
Stanford Converts CO2 to Methane | Research & Development | News; concerning the technical paper:
"Electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to methane and oxygen with an oxygen ion-conducting electrolyte; Authors: Gurt, T.M.; Wise, H.; Huggins, R.A.; Affiliation: Stanford University; Dept. of Materials Science Engineering; Stanford, CA; Publication: Journal of Catalysis, 1991, vol. 129, pp. 216-224; Abstract: The performance characteristics of a solid-state electrochemical cell have been examined for the catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide and hydrogen to methane and oxygen. The electrolyte, made up of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), served the dual function of (a) a support material for the platinum catalyst, and (b) an oxygen ion-conducting membrane for the removal of surface oxygen formed during the reaction. The results indicate a linear increase in reaction rate with DC bias applied across the solid electrolyte. The reaction proceeds by way of a stepwise abstraction of oxygen atoms from carbon dioxide and hydrogenation of surface carbon to methane";
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Not a "CoalTL" report, and our apologies to any - maybe Jamie and Char especially - who might have little interest in this. But, we thought it intriguing in general and wanted in part to keep lines of communication open. We hope the info will prove of at least modest interest to some.
We're attaching the file in case the link doesn't transmit. It's a "position" paper, sort of an open or "to whom it may concern" letter, published by the Royal Society of Chemistry:
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