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This will be a lengthy dispatch. But, since legislation introduced by West Virginia's congressional contingent, intended to prevent the EPA from arbitrarily classifying Coal-fired power plant fly ash as hazardous waste, has passed the House of Representatives and been introduced to the Senate by West Virginia's US Senators, it might be worth the read.
We've lately been documenting the fact that solid Coal-use residuals, whether they result from simply burning Coal or from converting Coal into more versatile hydrocarbons, can be used in the manufacture, or supplementation, of "Portland"-type cement and mortar.
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As we've documented in a number of reports, South Africa Synthetic Oil Limited, "Sasol", or, as variously reported in other sources, from the Afrikaans: "Suid Afrikaanse Steenkool en Olie, Ltd.", has been converting Coal into liquid hydrocarbon fuels, and supplying thus a large percentage of the gasoline and diesel used by South Africa's motoring public, and their military, for many decades.
According to the article accessible via:
Sasol | Company Structure Information from ICIS; wherein we're told, that:
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Energy Citations Database (ECD) - - Document #7089692
In a recent dispatch, now accessible via:
Iowa Mines Metals from Coal Ash for the USDOE | Research & Development; which centers on two US Patents for the recovery of valuable metals from Coal ash: "United States Patent 4,386,057 - Recovery of Iron Oxide from Coal Fly Ash" and "United States Patent 4,397,822 - Process for the Recovery of Alumina from Fly Ash";
we again confirmed that nearly all of the by-products of Coal combustion, just like Carbon Dioxide, as once again demonstrated in our report of:
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We've presented many reports concerning what has turned out to be the absolutely vast array pf Coal, and other Carbon resource, conversion technologies developed by the precedent and consequent corporate embodiments of what was once the symbolic exemplar of American Big Oil: Exxon.
And, perhaps too harshly, we've often criticized, and implied nefarious intent behind, the fact that Exxon obviously invested a great deal of money, over the course of multiple decades, on the development of advanced Carbon utilization technologies, but has spent no money at all either on educating the United States general public about their rather astonishing achievements in Coal and Carbon conversion science, or, on reducing those technical achievements to a commercial practice that would be of immense benefit to the United States domestic economy.
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As now accessible on the West Virginia Coal Association's web site via the link:
Texaco 1951 Coal + CO2 + H2O + O2 = Syngas | Research & Development; concerning: "United States Patent 2,558,746 - Carbon Monoxide and Other Gases from Carbonaceous Materials; 1951; The Texas Company, NYC; Abstract: This invention relates to a process and apparatus for the generation of gases comprising carbon monoxide from carbonaceous materials. In one of its more specific aspects it relates to a process and apparatus for the generation of a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, suitable as a feed for the synthesis of hydrocarbons, from powdered coal. An object of this invention is to provide a process for the generation of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (and) to provide a process particularly suited to the generation of a feed gas for the synthesis of hydrocarbons from coal (in which) carbon dioxide ... reacts with the carbon to produce carbon monoxide (and, wherein steam) also reacts with heated carbon to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen";
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