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http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/factsheets/project/FE0004498.pdf
First, we remind you of a very recent dispatch, now accessible on the West Virginia Coal Association's web site via the link:
which concerned:
"US Patent Application 20130048506 - Electrodes for High Efficiency Aqueous Reduction of CO2; 2013; Assignee: The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York; Abstract: An electrolytic cell system to convert carbon dioxide to a hydrocarbon ... wherein the hydrocarbon (produced) is ethylene".
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We've previously documented, as, for one example, in our report of:
West Virginia Coal Association | GE and USDOE Harvest CO2 for Hydrocarbon Synthesis | Research & Development; concerning, in part: "United States Patent Application 20070149392 - Reactor for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion; 2007; Inventors: Anthony Yu-Chung Ku, et. al., NY; Correspondence Address (and presumed Assignee of Rights): General Electric Company, NY; Abstract: Disclosed herein is a multifunctional catalyst system (that) facilitates the reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide while the second catalyst initiates or facilitates the conversion of carbon monoxide to an organic compound. Disclosed herein is a method comprising reducing carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide in a first reaction catalyzed by a first catalyst; and reacting carbon monoxide with hydrogen in a second reaction catalyzed by second catalyst; wherein ... the second catalyst initiates or facilitates the conversion of carbon monoxide to an organic compound ... (and) wherein the organic compound is an ... alcohol (and/or) paraffins, olefins, oxygenates, or the like, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing organic molecules";
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We first remind you of one of our recent reports, accessible via:
West Virginia Coal Association | The Conversion of Coal to Acetylene | Research & Development; and concerning, in part: "United States Patent Application 0110123428 - Method and System for Producing Calcium Carbide; 2011; Inventors: Zhenyu Liu, et. al., China; Abstract: A method and a system for producing calcium carbide, the method including mixing powdery carbon-containing raw material with powdery calcium-containing raw material, and directly heating the mixture by combusting a part of carbon-containing raw material in an oxygen-containing atmosphere to produce calcium carbide. The carbon-containing raw material can be coal (and) the calcium-containing raw material can be calcium carbonate ... . , The present invention relates to a method and a system for producing acetylene stones (i.e., calcium carbide (CaC)), and more specially, to a method and a system for producing calcium carbide by providing heat directly through partial combustion of a powdery carbon-containing raw material and a powdery calcium-containing raw material in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. Acetylene stone, i.e. calcium carbide, is one of the basic materials in the organic synthetic chemistry industry. A series of organic compounds can be synthesized by using the calcium carbide as raw material, to provide source materials for fields such as industry, agriculture, and medicine, and calcium carbide is honored as the mother of organic synthesis before the middle of last century. Hydrolysis of calcium carbide results in acetylene and calcium hydroxide";
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United States Patent Application: 0130078172
As we've documented now from numerous impeccable, unimpeachable sources, including, as seen in:
West Virginia Coal Association | USDOE Converts CO2 & H2O into Hydrocarbon Synthesis Gas | Research & Development; concerning: "'High-Temperature Co-Electrolysis of H2O and CO2 for Syngas Production'; 2006; United States Department of Energy; (With) the price of oil currently over $70 / barrel, synthetically-derived hydrocarbon fuels (synfuels) have become economical. ... Synfuels are typically produced from syngas - - hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) - - using the Fischer-Tropsch process, discovered by Germany before World War II. (An) experimental research project is underway at the INL to investigate the feasibility of producing syngas by simultaneously electrolyzing steam and carbon dioxide (CO2) at high-temperature using solid oxide fuel cell technology. H2O + CO2 = H2 + CO + O2. The syngas can then be used for synthetic fuel production";
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As should now be incontrovertible, Coal Ash can serve as a property-enhancing additive - - as a substitute for other fine aggregates which would otherwise, at great expenditure of energy, have to be mined, quarried or dredged, with attendant environmental disruption - - for Portland Cement Concrete.
However, as we've elsewhere earlier discussed, some mandated Coal-fired power plant exhaust treatment processes have resulted in the Ash from such facilities being contaminated with an even higher amount of residual, unburned Carbon than previously; which Carbon interferes with air entrainment additives put into the Concrete mix to improve the cured Concrete's resistance to freeze-thaw cycles.
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