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United States Patent: 3726784
This Esso Coal conversion patent, as linked above, is, for us, very technically dense. They have a lot going on in here.
We'll try to sort it out a bit, following the excerpts, but, look sharp and you'll see that they're liquefying Coal using a Coal-derived liquid as the solvent, and, at the same time, recovering Hydrogen-rich off-gasses to use in the hydrogenation, the hydrotreating, of the resulting Coal liquids.
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Herein, again from Exxon's precedent company, we present further documentation of two facts we believe should, by now, be well-established for our readers:
Primary and long-known Coal oils, or Coal "tars", can serve as agents of liquefaction and hydrogenation for raw Coal.
And, Water can be utilized in the Coal liquefaction process to improve the hydrogenation of Coal into hydrocarbons, thereby lessening the need for any added elemental Hydrogen, with it's associated expense.
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As we have been documenting, Consolidation Coal Company pursued the development of technologies for the hydrogenation and liquefaction of Coal throughout the decades of the 1960's and 1970's.
Herein is yet another example of their refinement of Coal conversion technology, detailing the specifics of how various types of inert contaminants can be removed from Coal during the liquefaction process, resulting in a liquid product better-suited for further refining into hydrocarbon fuels.
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As we have, from other sources, previously documented, technologies exist wherein Carbon Dioxide can be utilized, recycled, by being employed as a co-reactant in some indirect processes of Coal conversion intended to synthesize higher hydrocarbons.
Herein, we see that China, whose extensive Coal and Carbon conversion developments we have many times reported on, is working to further develop and enhance the "plasma arc" technology that, again as we have reported, has been under joint development by scientists in Switzerland and Israel for the productive recycling of CO2; and, separately, by other researchers for the conversion of Coal.
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We've documented a number of times that primary Coal tars, or Coal oils, "long known in the art", as they are commonly described, can be utilized as agents of Coal liquefaction and hydrogenation.
And, we've documented from several sources that, in some processes of Coal liquefaction, as in some processes of Carbon Dioxide recycling through reforming with Methane, Carbon settlement and deposition on catalyst surfaces and in catalyst zones can slow and impair the hydrogenation reactions.
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